Introduction

Your take

Describe in one or two words what you think this course is about

(Post-it will be provided by the professor)

About the course

Goal: how to use a language to communicate with and instruct an information-processing agent

Computer Science notions: algorithms, data structures, and algorithmic techniques

Language for communication: Python (yes, it is a programming language)

Rumors

Some whispers of despair:

algorithms, computations, programming, etc., are something which I cannot handle – indeed, I did not like mathematics at the high school

I am not able to abstract a situation by using formal tools since I am not a formal person

I cannot learn a programming language

These are just prejudices

Yes, we can

Several of the things the book introduces are something that all of us already learned and digested during our life - it is only a matter of identifying them again to reuse them consciously

Intelligence is a muscle, it can be developed - we can learn anything, including Computer Science topics, despite what others say
More info in: Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Random USA. ISBN: 978-0345472328

A programming language is a language, such as Italian and English - we need time and practice to learn it properly

Suggested mindset: be an hacker
one who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations

We don't trust you!

OK, then see what it (has) happened

Bachelor:
History

Bachelor:
Humanities

Bachelor:
Information Science for Management

Did it happen?

Did some of you have experienced any of the following issues in the past? - Raise your hands if you were obliged:

• to buy one or more books

• to attend mandatorily a large part of the course for attending the final exam

• not to participate to an exam session for some informal rule imposed by the professor

• not to receive the maximum score if you attended the exam without attending the lectures

Rules

Let's see the rules of this course

• Two free text books are provided, and additional material can be found on the GitHub repository of the course

• If you cannot attend, do not attend (even if attendance is recommended: you can ask questions)

• At least six exam sessions per academic year

• Max score one can obtain is 36 (out of 30)

Books and material

Computational Thinking and Programming book (official book of the course - it includes more than 100 exercises with keys!) + accompanying book How To Code in Python

All the material (including slides) is available in the GitHub repository of the course at https://github.com/comp-think/2024-2025/

Have you found a mistake in the official book? Please write me an email at silvio.peroni@unibo.it, or comment it directly on Google Docs

Communications

We use a Discord discussion group for communicating with each other

Invitation link to join the workspace: https://discord.gg/FQw229MF

Once you entered in the workspace following the previous link, you will be added to the private channel dedicated to the course (comp-think-24-25) by me

Please, do a Discord account as soon as possible (e.g. during the break) since I will close the invitation link in at the end of this week - and we will start to use it since Friday

Social channels

This course and the DHDK Master Degree are part BolDH, of an ecosystem conceived as a combination of education, research practices, and scholarly projects in the Digital Humanities domain (in Bologna)

It has its own website, Instagram account (boldh.unibo) and X account (@boldhunibo).

These channels will be used to highlight interesting events and initiatives about the DH domain (including computational thinking)

Interacting

We will use the GitHub repository of the course for a series of activities, such as exercises and raising issues

Thus, please, create a new account on GitHub: https://github.com/join

Once logged into GitHub, go to the issue page of the course repository, and then feel free to add and respond to issues there

A very introductory guide to GitHub can be find online

Course organisation

Theoretical part (30 hours), where I will introduce all the notions related to the course - no computer needed: 15 lectures of two hours each (today included)

Practical sessions, where Stefano De Giorgis will be available for helping you in the issues that may arise during the course (e.g. solving exercises) - use Discord for coordination (e.g. topic to address and when)

Laboratorial part (12 hours), where Stefano (again) will have some practical lectures on programming languages - computer needed here

Theory, practice, laboratory

Theory: it introduces the tools for doing something - e.g. vocabulary and syntax of a language

Practice: it addresses assignments to enable people to learn and understand the correct way to use such tools - e.g. using the language vocabulary and syntax to write sentences to express a particular idea or situation

Laboratory: a workshop run by someone that enables one to use the tools learned to understand advanced concepts and to build wonderful (and complex) artifacts - e.g. writing a novel

Course calendar

Exam

1. A non-mandatory workshop (the day after the last lecture, i.e. 17 December, 09:00-12:00), where the students are asked to organise themself in groups of 3-4 people (max. score: 4)

2. A final written examination (max. score: 32) - when:

   • 29 January 2025
   • 26 March 2025
   • 21 May 2025
   • 18 June 2025
   • 16 July 2025
   • 11 September 2025

Total max. score: 36 (32 without the workshop) out of 30

Registering final grade

As you know, this course is just a module of an Integrated Course (I. C.)

• Computational Management of Data (Integrated Course)

  • Module 1: Computational Thinking and Programming (this course!)

  • Module 2: Data Science (second semester course, taught by me)

You can register only the final grade of the Integrated Course, which is computed as the average of the final scores of the two modules (max. 30L each module)

Evaluation of the course

Usually, during one of the last lectures of the course, you will be asked to fill-up a questionnaire on the organisation of the course and related stuff - it is anonymous, of course

Please, do it carefully and honestly, since it is one of the most important inputs I will have to understand what can be improved in the next year course

The fact that the course of this year is slightly different from the one held during the previous year one is mainly due to the comments I have received through these questionnaires

About learning a new language

Do you think that attending only to all the classes of a 6 credit course (i.e. 30 hours) on a foreign language is enough to master its basics?

Learning a programming language is like learning a new language: you need to practice it (a lot) to master it properly

Final recommendations (1)

Umberto Eco (1980). The Name of the Rose. Available online

In the face of some inexplicable facts you must try to imagine many general laws, whose connection with your facts escapes you. Then suddenly [...] you perceive a line of reasoning that seems more convincing than the others. You try applying it to all similar cases [...] and you discover that your intuition was right.

There is no single solution to a given problem, and the best one can be found only trying (and making mistakes, and trying again and again) more than one approach

Final recommendations (2)

Stephen Toulmin (1958). The Uses of Arguments. Available online

The purpose of these studies is to raise problems, not to solve them

Please do ask questions

There are no stupid questions

My answers can be odd though, sometime

Thus, in order to avoid such odd answers, I could ask you to be patient and wait for the next lecture, so as to provide you with the best possible answer ever

Now a break, and then...

About thinking

Computational Thinking and Programming

Understanding how your thinking mechanisms work and training you in been flexible and reactive while thinking can be achieved only by thinking about something

Thus, let us do a couple of experiments!

Experiment 1

Material:

• 3 glasses

• 4 knives

• 1 book

Setting:

• the glasses as vertexes of a triangle of equal sides

• the base of each glass is separated from the other by the lenght of a knife

Goal of experiment 1

Using the knives, creating a platform on top of the glasses

The knives used must not touch the ground

The platform must support the weight of the book

What we learned from experiment 1

Approaching the solution may be difficult if there is no pattern provided by experience

It is important to analyse the situation to see if all the material available is useful, leaving out everything does not really help

Trial-and-error prodedure may be effective

Experiment 2

Material:

• 4 glasses

• 4 knives

• 1 book

Setting:

• the glasses at a corner of a square

• the base of each glass is separated from the other by the lenght of a knife

Goal of experiment 2

Using the knives, creating a platform on top of the glasses

The knives used must not touch the ground

The platform must support the weight of the book

What we learned from experiment 2

Recognising essential similarity of a problem to one already solved makes the problem easier to solve

Experience is much more valuable if some general principle is derived from it

Use of patterns provided by experience is the most rapid way of solving problems

The general principle

Can you devise a general principle that can be use to solve both the situations introduced in the previous experiment?

Closing

These kinds of thinking exercises you performed today will characterise the entire course

Concepts such as abstraction, trial-and-error learning, prior experience, deriving general principles, practice, are key factors when learning a new language (including a new programming language)

Note: the two thinking experiments with glasses and knives introduced in this opening lecture come from the book The 5-Day Course in Thinking by Edward de Bono.